Jun 02, 2024

OHIO University Undergraduate Catalog 2022-23

OHIO University Undergraduate Catalog 2022-23 [Archived Catalog]

Course Descriptions

The course information (including course titles, descriptions, credit hours, requisites, repeat/retake information, OHIO BRICKS, and active status) contained in this catalog is effective as of Fall Semester 2022-23. This information is subject to change at the discretion of Ohio University.

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Geography
	GEOG 4070 - Mesoscale Meteorology An examination of severe and unusual weather, mesoscale meteorology, atmospheric stability, and radar meteorology. Requisites: GEOG 4060 Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students can explain the key mechanisms leading to severe and unusual weather. Students can analyze and interpret data regarding atmospheric processes. Students can identify and describe the processes and components of mesoscale meteorology and radar meteorology.
	GEOG 4080 - Dynamic Meteorology I Exploration of the physical forces responsible for atmospheric motions. Topics covered include the wind vector; fundamental and apparent forces; the geostrophic wind; the thermal, mechanical and thermodynamic energy equations; balanced flow; vertical motion and the thermal wind; vorticity; and the vorticity and divergence theorems. Requisites: GEOG 3010 and MATH 3400 and PHYS 2051 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students can explain atmospheric motions that lead to day-to-day weather variations. Students improve their comprehension of modern forecasting techniques. Students understand the physical forces that are responsible for atmospheric motions
	GEOG 4090 - Dynamic Meteorology II Continuation of Dynamic Meteorology I, with a focus on mid-latitude atmospheric dynamics. Examines the process of a developing mid-latitude cyclone from genesis to lysis, and the interplay between vertical motion, horizontal advection, temperature, and (to some extent) moisture. An investigation of atmospheric dynamics in the planetary boundary layer, where friction must be considered, concludes the course. Requisites: GEOG 4080 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students are able to do routine analytical calculations of real-world phenomena. Students can quantitatively explain the dynamics of mid-latitude cyclones, both at the surface and aloft. Students can understand the physical equations that govern atmospheric motions.
	GEOG 4110 - Advanced Physical Geography A topics course of focused study on a specific physical geographic theme. Requisites: GEOG 1100 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to analyze physical geographic data from a variety of sources to obtain deeper knowledge about the nature, processes, and spatial distribution of earth subenvironments. Students will be able to integrate and synthesize information on weather, climate, natural vegetation, soils, and landforms to achieve a comprehensive understanding of a specific physical subenvironment.
	GEOG 4130 - Arid Lands Physical Geography Integrated approach to the physical geographic processes that combine to create the distinctive landscapes of arid regions with an emphasis on their landforms and landforming processes. Requisites: (GEOG 1100 or GEOL 1010) and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to compare and contrast arid region with humid region climate, vegetation, soils, and landforms. Students will be able to define and distinguish major arid region landforms, recognize distinctive landform assemblages, and explain their principal formative processes. Students will be able to name and locate the earths major arid regions, and evaluate the multiple geographical factors that combine to make each region arid. Students will be able to outline ways in which aridity is measured and describe the principal characteristics of arid climates. Students will be able to provide examples of the fragility of desert landscapes and the importance of their environmental protection. Students will be able to summarize and critique scholarly research articles related to arid lands physical geography. Students will be able to synthesize their knowledge of arid region weather, climate, vegetation, soils, and landform systems to summarize how they work together to create distinctive desert landscapes.
	GEOG 4170 - Landscape Ecology Landscape Ecology is an applied science that focuses on the development, consequences, and management of environmental pattern - the spatial distributions of species and the environment resources upon which they depend.This course explores the reciprocal relationship between pattern and process: how pattern is created on the landscape, its implications for populations, communities, and ecosystems, and how spatial pattern changes through time. The specific role of humans in creating and altering landscape pattern is examined. Requisites: (Jr or Sr) and (GEOG 1100 or PBIO 2090 or BIOS 2750 or BIOS 3750) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be exposed to applied conservation organizations that utilize landscape ecology principles. Students will learn technological tools (GIS, remote sensing, statistical approaches) used in assessing pattern on the landscape. Students will understand the implications of habitat loss and fragmentation for biological conservation. Students will understand the importance of landscape pattern on ecological processes.
	GEOG 4280 - Community Geography This course offers a unique combination of collaborative mapping, spatial understanding of community issues, and interaction with and participation in the community from the bottom up, as engaged members of the Athens community. Students will be introduced to real-world problems and best practices, and encouraged to explore creative solutions. Community geography helps students better understand the spatial nature of these issues, how to evaluate both local and global forces which transform communities, and assists them with evaluating actionable solutions which promote sustainability at the local level. This course is designed to engage students with the Athens area, to build collaboration between students, residents and community groups, and to develop marketable skills and expand student awareness of community issues. Requisites: 4 hours in GEOG and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Become familiar with a variety of spatial visualization techniques for collaborative mapping. Demonstrate the ability to conceptualize social issues in a spatial manner. Develop effective skills to engage community leaders and key stakeholders around important topics and learn techniques for fostering collaborative partnerships. Gain an understanding of cultural and socio-economic differences which inform community leadership practices and learn effective ways to communicate with people of diverse perspectives and harness community dynamics to achieve shared goals. Gain an understanding of the geography of their community and become more informed, engaged residents. Identify primary and secondary spatial relationships in the community. Learn how maps can create and institutionalize reality. Produce a Citizen Mapping or Participatory GIS project to identify a particular community concern and explore potential solutions and opportunities.
	GEOG 4450 - Gender, Environment, and Development This course explores frameworks linking gender and the environment and examines how they have influenced the practice of development in various geographic contexts. Case studies are drawn from Africa, USA, Latin America, and Asia. Topics include gendered access to resources, health and inequality, men and masculinities, the body and the environment, non-governmental organizations, and grass root organizing. This course also includes a significant focus on effectively developing, supporting, and communicating research findings in written and oral forms. Requisites: GEOG 1200 or 1310 or WGSS 1000 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Speaking and Listening Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to explain the meaning of gender and the importance of investigating the intersections of the environment and development through a gendered lens Students will be able to compare and contrast different theoretical approaches linking gender, the environment and development. Students will be able to appraise the link between theory and practice through case studies on gender, environment and development. Students will be able to use unbiased language to organize and deliver a presentation around a central message supported by relevant and convincing information.
	GEOG 4470 - Natural Resource Conservation Themes in American environmental history, resource conservation and management, and contemporary environmentalism. Requisites: GEOG 2400 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be aware of the social, political, economic, cultural, and technological context within which environmental changes have taken place. Students will learn how inhabitants of the area occupied by the present day United States have, over time, defined, consumed, and conserved natural resources. Students will understand the tension that exists between management and protection on the one hand, and exploitation and utilization on the other.
	GEOG 4480 - Migration and Development Examines migration theory, global and domestic patterns of human migration, and their implications for the environment and development. Focus on geographic approaches to understanding the causes and development consequences of migration, including transnational and return migration. Explores migration in numerous cultural contexts and examines migrant experiences through written work and first-hand experiences. Requisites: (GEOG 1200 or 1310 or 3210 or SOC 1000) and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Diversity and Practice Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to identify sources and interpret information available from migration data. Students will be able to critically evaluate migration indicators and data collection methods. Students will be able to identify, describe and compare the basic approaches to migration adopted by major social science disciplines/political science, geography, sociology, anthropology, demography. Students will be able to describe and interpret contemporary patterns of international migration. Students will be able to identify and critically assess the most important contemporary immigration policies in the United States. Students will understand theories linking migration and environmental change, including environmental migration and migration’s relationship to global climate change. Students will be able to identify and critically assess explanations of relationships between migration and development. Students will be able to identify and describe the causes and consequences of migration and compare its legal, economic, and cultural contexts in multiple regions of the world (US, Asia, Africa, and Latin America). Students will be able to demonstrate curiosity, compassion, and deeper understanding about the varied and unfamiliar experiences of migrants in verbal and non-verbal communications with migrants and other people. Students will be able to demonstrate how to design and implement an interview with an immigrant. Students will be able to confront their own preconceived notions of international migrants and migration and compare their own migrant experiences with that of others.
	GEOG 4520 - Environmental and Sustainability Planning An introduction to how urban planning tools can be used to support the natural environment and promote local and regional sustainability. Outlines strategies for meeting important biodiversity, water resources, hazard mitigation, working landscape, waste management, and air quality goals. Connects environmental planning with supportive topics such as environmental policy and governance, sustainability and climate action planning, environmental justice, and environmental assessment. Requisites: 6 Hours in GEOG and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Describe the theories and concepts that underpin environmental planning and sustainability planning and their relationship with policymaking and assessment. Explain how environmental and sustainability planning can help communities mitigate and respond to climate change. Explain the process of environmental planning and sustainability planning, including steps in the planning process and how practitioners, activists, academics, and local citizens gather information, make decisions, and measure outcomes. Identify and describe planning tools and strategies can be used to enhance environmental conditions, promote wise use of natural resources, and create more sustainable communities and regions. Identify the actors, policies, principles, and plans that have brought environmental planning and sustainability planning practice to their current point. Recognize a variety of environmental assessment tools and describe how they inform local and regional planning.
	GEOG 4550 - History of Planning Explores the development of planning concepts, theory, and practice. It introduces urban and regional planning in the U.S. through its historical and contemporary contexts. Examines the social, economic, political, cultural, and technological factors that influence human landscapes and the profession of planning. Requisites: 6 Hours in GEOG and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to analyze current planning practice and its implications more critically. Students will be introduced to some of the critical planning approaches. Students will gain an appreciation and understanding of the theories and motivations that influence the profession of planning. Students will understand the impact of societal and environmental factors on development of cities and regions and the impact planning can have on the health and welfare of our communities and the environment.
	GEOG 4560 - The Just and Sustainable City A critical examination of the role of nature and political economy in the sustainable development of urban environments in the context of social and environmental justice. Topics studied include the relationship between urbanism and nature, environmental justice, compact versus sprawling development, slums in developing world cities, urban agriculture as a solution to urban hunger, toxic lawn ecologies, uneven urban forests and parks, vulnerability to urban climate changes, brownfield redevelopment and the specter of gentrification, and the role of animals in the city, among other topics. These topics are studied in both developed and developing world contexts. Students taking this course will also be asked to evaluate urban sustainability initiatives related to these topics with concepts of social and environmental justice in mind. Requisites: (GEOG 1200 or 2400) and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 1JE Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to illustrate that cities and environments are not antithetical by connecting urbanization with nature Students will be able to critically assess problems associated with urban development and interrogate associated sustainability initiatives Students will be able to evaluate social and biophysical interactions contributing to urban change and environmental (in)justice Students will be able to formulate a central research question for their term papers. Students will be able to synthesize relevant literature into a properly cited and coherent literature review. Students will be able to formulate their argument in a way that supports their data and findings. Students will be able to improve their writing through the process of critical self-reflection and revision.
	GEOG 4660 - Principles of Remote Sensing Systematic introduction to the principles and application of remote sensing stressing the fundamental characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, energy-atmosphere interactions, design of remote sensing instruments, and the techniques used to extract problem-solving information from remote sensing data. Emphasis is given to digital image-processing techniques and algorithms involved in measurement, analysis, and interpretation of electromagnetic energy collected by remote sensing instruments. Requisites: GEOG 2680 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will develop skills in technical writing and analytical problem solving. Students will learn principles of digital image processing. Students will understand the role of remote sensing technologies in geographic and environmental science applications.
	GEOG 4670 - Advanced Remote Sensing In depth examination of advanced remote sensing methodologies and applications including object oriented image processing, hyper-spectral analysis, soft image classification, and sensor fusion, focused on their use in the environmental geosciences. Requisites: GEOG 4660 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will develop a deeper understanding of the role of remote sensing technologies in geographic and environmental science applications. Students will develop enhanced skills in technical writing and analytical problem solving. Students will gain experience with advanced methods of remote sensing processing.
	GEOG 4710 - Quantitative Methods in Geography An introduction to the application of advanced quantitative methods in geographic research and applied spatial analysis with a focus on statistical problem solving in both human and physical geographic contexts. Requisites: GEOG 2710 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will gain substantial experience with applied multivariate statistical methods that will support their understanding of the approaches available to address geographic problem solving using advanced statistical techniques. the nature of geographic inquiry; the terms and techniques used in multivariate statistical analysis; the value of communicating geographic processes numerically;
	GEOG 4711 - Qualitative Methods in Geography An introduction to qualitative research methods in geography. Covers research design, methodological approaches to research, and qualitative data collection and analysis methods used by geographers. Specific methods covered will include: interviewing, observation, document analysis, and visual analysis. Requisites: 6 Hours in GEOG and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to plan and conduct original research using qualitative methods. To this end, specific outcomes of this course include. Students will be aware of how geographers have traditionally used qualitative methods. Students will become familiar with conducting and evaluating different methods of qualitative data collection - including interviewing, observation, document analysis - and with different methods of data analysis. Students will understand different philosophical approaches to and ethical issues in qualitative research and the implications of these for research design. Understand and evaluate qualitative methods used in geographic research.
	GEOG 4712 - Field Methods in Geography Introduction to geographic field methods and techniques. Field mapping, data collection, spatial sampling, data analysis, synthesis, and reporting. Requisites: GEOG 2710 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will actively participate in a number of field techniques; assignments emphasize fundamental principles of research design, basic surveying and mapping, and data analysis. Students will apply the principles discussed in the course to a small but original research project. Students will learn fundamentals of research design and basic surveying.
	GEOG 4730 - Principles of GIS Introduction to the fundamental principles and applications of geographic information systems (GISs). In-depth practical training in creation, storage, management, visualization, and map-driven analysis of geospatial data using industry standard GIS and mapping technologies. Requisites: GEOG 2680 Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: TAG course: OSS051 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Apply geospatial data modeling, and geospatial database management and querying techniques. Demonstrate advanced GIS analysis skills for spatial decision making and problem solving as applicable. Demonstrate practical operational knowledge of GIS software and mapping tools. Identify limitations of existing GIS and their connections to future technological changes in the GIS.
	GEOG 4740 - GIS Design and Application Development Introduction to computational foundations of geographic information systems and geospatial mapping technologies. Practical introduction to GIS scripting technologies and software application development. Requisites: GEOG 4730 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Exploring web mapping technologies for sharing maps, geographic data sets, and GIS based models. Familiarization with GIS software libraries and scripting techniques. Introduction to basic computer programming. Learn the basics of GIS algorithm implementation and GIS software design. Understanding the computational fundamentals of GIS.
	GEOG 4750 - GIS and Landscape Analysis Advanced application of GIS focusing on analytical and computer-based methods critical to the understanding and management of natural resources and the environment. Topics covered include GIS-based decision analysis, constraint mapping, landscape modeling, sustainability assessment and environmental simulation. Requisites: GEOG 4730 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Acquiring practical model development skills with leading GIS software platforms. Exploring how to leverage GIS and spatial analysis concepts for developing and analyzing information from models. Introduction to spatio-temporal modeling strategies to support integrated space-time analytical frameworks. Understanding the fundamentals and purpose of computational models for exploring complex geographic phenomena.
	GEOG 4760 - Advanced Spatial Analysis and GIS Applications GIS based introduction to advanced spatial analysis and spatial decision making concepts. Understanding how proficiency with GIS and spatial analysis can be readily applied in a wide range of problem solving contexts in the social and natural sciences. Emphasis on spatial uncertainty and how it affects the quality of spatial analysis and spatial decision making. Requisites: GEOG 3600 or 4660 or 4730 Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Apply spatial statistics to analyze and test the validity of geospatial patterns. Demonstrate operational knowledge of GIS software for advanced spatial analysis methods for vector and raster GIS data. Demonstrate theoretical understanding and practical application of spatial multicriteria analysis methods in GIS based problem solving. Identify spatial uncertainty effects and use appropriate methods to test the impact of such uncertainty on quality of spatial analyses. Recognize the impact of scale, spatial context, and multiple representation in geospatial analysis.
	GEOG 4770 - Advanced Topics in GeoInformatics In depth examination of emerging technologies, methods and research applications within the broad scope of GIS, Remote Sensing and Cartography. The specific content of this course will vary each time it is offered to enrich student needs and interests. Topics for the course when offered will be announced in the semester course schedule. Requisites: GEOG 2680 and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Apply remote sensing, GIS, and cartography skills to real world geospatial issues. Develop the ability to analyze emergent geospatial issues using geoinformatics technology. Enhance specialized practice in advanced problem-solving using emergent geospatial techniques. Integrate GIScience theory within the broad scope of Geography.
	GEOG 4799 - Foundations for Capstone Research in Geography This course provides an introduction to research design and methodology in geography. The course emphasizes the development of a research project from its earliest stages through the identification of emerging research foci within geography’s sub-fields. Students interact independently with faculty to define a research focus for the capstone project, which they undertake the semester following the completion of this course in GEOG 4800: Capstone Experience in Geography Requisites: GEOG major and Jr or Sr Credit Hours: 1 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: F,CR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to identify emerging research themes in at least one sub-field of geography Students will be able to evaluate new directions in research relative to students’ academic and professional interests Students will be able to design a research project Students will be able to create a research project prospectus
	GEOG 4800 - Capstone Experience in Geography Students apply and integrate knowledge and techniques from previous coursework to complete a comprehensive geographic research or applied project under the mentorship of geography faculty. Students review literature, set their work in context, investigate various approaches, collect and analyze data, and learn skills for professional presentation of their work. Requisites: GEOG 4799 and GEOG Major and SR only Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing, Capstone: Capstone or Culminating Experience General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to apply geographic knowledge and skills to a contemporary research problem. Students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of research design by reviewing literature, developing geographical research questions, using appropriate research methods, conducting analysis of data, and communicating research results. Students will be able to demonstrate a basic understanding of research methodologies and the philosophies of science that underlie them. Students will be able to evaluate the relevance and ethical and scientific importance of their own research and that of others. Students will be able to critically evaluate recent research in the student’s sub-field and identify the implications for their own research and professional interests. Students will be able to describe emerging trends in the major sub-fields of academic Geography and their applications outside of academia.
	GEOG 4900 - Special Topics in Geography Special topics in Geography. Requisites: GEOG major or minor Credit Hours: 1 - 15 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 30.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 seminar Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to evaluate selected special topics with geography faculty members.
	GEOG 4910 - Internship Provides qualifying students with credit for work-study experience in GIS, cartography, remote sensing, land-use planning, resource management, and other fields of applied geography. Supervised by geography faculty and evaluated by on-the-job supervisor. Requisites: Permission required and GEOG major and (Jr or Sr) Credit Hours: 1 - 12 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 internship Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,CR,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will gain work-study experience in various fields of applied geography.
	GEOG 4930 - Independent Study Individual or small group students will have an independent study with faculty members. Requisites: Jr or Sr Credit Hours: 1 - 6 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 12.0 independent study Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will have supervised studies in their chosen field of geographic research.
	GEOG 4940 - Research Experience in Human Geography Individualized and directed research under supervision of faculty member. Students select topics or are directed into possible research areas of interest to both the student and faculty member. Student must discuss the research plan with the faculty member before receiving permission to enroll. Scholarship experience typically entails familiarization with relevant literature, research methods, and analysis. Experience culminates in presentation of results in poster format. Requisites: 12 hours in GEOG and permission required Credit Hours: 1 - 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 research Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify elements of research design. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to formulate a research design appropriate to their research question. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to read previously published literature and extract relevant information. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to create a literature review appropriate to their research topic.
	GEOG 4941 - Research Experience in Physical Geography Individualized and directed research under supervision of faculty member. Students select topics or are directed into possible research areas of interest to both the student and faculty member. Student must discuss the research plan with the faculty member before receiving permission to enroll. Scholarship experience typically entails familiarization with relevant literature, research methods, and analysis. Experience culminates in presentation of results in poster format. Requisites: 12 hours in GEOG and permission required Credit Hours: 1 - 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 research Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to read previously published literature, extract relevant information, and create a literature review. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to effectively communicate their research question and findings to a broader audience. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to implement a data gathering and analysis method appropriate to their research question. Upon completion of this course, students will know the elements of research design.
	GEOG 4942 - Research Experience in Environmental Geography Individualized and directed research under supervision of faculty member. Students select topics or are directed into possible research areas of interest to both the student and faculty member. Student must discuss the research plan with the faculty member before receiving permission to enroll. Scholarship experience typically entails familiarization with relevant literature, research methods, and analysis. Experience culminates in presentation of results in poster format. Requisites: 12 hours in GEOG and permission required Credit Hours: 1 - 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 research Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to effectively communicate their research question and findings to a broader audience. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to implement a data gathering and analysis method appropriate to their research question. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to read previously published literature, extract relevant information, and create a literature review. Upon completion of this course, students will know the elements of research design.
	GEOG 4943 - Research Experience in Geographic Information Science Individualized and directed research under supervision of faculty member. Students select topics or are directed into possible research areas of interest to both the student and faculty member. Student must discuss the research plan with the faculty member before receiving permission to enroll. Scholarship experience typically entails familiarization with relevant literature, research methods, and analysis. Experience culminates in presentation of results in poster format. Requisites: 12 hours in GEOG and permission required Credit Hours: 1 - 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 research Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to read previous published literature and extract relevant information. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to create a literature review appropriate to their research topic. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify elements of research design. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to formulate a research design appropriate to their research question.
	GEOG 4944 - Research Experience in Meteorology/Climatology Individualized and directed research under supervision of faculty member. Students select topics or are directed into possible research areas of interest to both the student and faculty member. Student must discuss the research plan with the faculty member before receiving permission to enroll. Scholarship experience typically entails familiarization with relevant literature, research methods, and analysis. Experience culminates in presentation of results in poster format. Requisites: 12 hours in GEOG and permission required Credit Hours: 1 - 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 research Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to read previously published literature and extract relevant information. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to create a literature review appropriate to their research topic. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify elements of research design. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to formulate a research design appropriate to their research question.
	GEOG 4945 - Research Experience in Urban Planning Individualized and directed research under supervision of faculty member. Students select topics or are directed into possible research areas of interest to both the student and faculty member. Student must discuss the research plan with the faculty member before receiving permission to enroll. Scholarship experience typically entails familiarization with relevant literature, research methods, and analysis. Experience culminates in presentation of results in poster format. Requisites: 12 hours in GEOG and permission required Credit Hours: 1 - 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 research Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to read previously published literature and extract relevant information. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to create a literature review appropriate to their research topic. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify elements of research design. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to formulate a research design appropriate to their research question.
	GEOG 4946 - Research Experience in Globalization and Development Individualized and directed research under supervision of faculty member. Students select topics or are directed into possible research areas of interest to both the student and faculty member. Student must discuss the research plan with the faculty member before receiving permission to enroll. Scholarship experience typically entails familiarization with relevant literature, research methods, and analysis. Experience culminates in presentation of results in poster format. Requisites: 12 hours in GEOG and permission required Credit Hours: 1 - 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 research Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this course, students will be able to read published literature and extract relevant information. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to create a literature review appropriate to their research topic. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to identify elements of research design. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to formulate a research design appropriate to their research question.
	GEOG 4970T - Geography Tutorial Fourth-year thesis tutorial for students in the Honors Tutorial College Requisites: GEOG 3980T and HTC Credit Hours: 1 - 12 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 12.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,CR,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to communicate their ideas effectively to geographers and to a wider audience. Students will be equipped to conduct independent research in their chosen subfield of geography. Students will develop a sense of social responsibility and make contributions as undergraduates that matter locally, regionally, nationally, or internationally. Students will make an intellectual contribution to their chosen subfield of geography.
	GEOG 4980T - Geography Tutorial Fourth-year thesis tutorial for students in the Honors Tutorial College Requisites: GEOG 4970T and HTC Credit Hours: 1 - 12 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 12.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,CR,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to communicate their ideas effectively to geographers and to a wider audience. Students will be equipped to conduct independent research in their chosen subfield of geography. Students will develop a sense of social responsibility and make contributions as undergraduates that matter locally, regionally, nationally, or internationally. Students will make an intellectual contribution to their chosen subfield of geography.
	GEOG 4990H - Honors in Geography This course requires qualified Geography seniors to write an honors thesis, which involves a substantial amount of reading, research and writing, a synthesis of various fields of geographical knowledge, and a mixed use of research tools and methods, including maps, spatial statistics, GIScience, field research, and personal interviews. Requisites: Permission required and GEOG major and Sr only Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing, Capstone: Capstone or Culminating Experience General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 6.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will adhere to the highest standards of professional ethics and academic integrity in writing their honors thesis. Students will be able to appropriately utilize various geographical research tools and methods, such as maps, spatial statistics, GIScience, field research and personal interviews. Students will be able to explain findings from their research. Students will have an appreciation for the process of gaining new knowledge and skills. Students will have the ability to carry out a geographical research that is creative and original. Students will have the ability to evaluate, organize and synthesize research information from various sources.
Geological Sciences
	GEOL 1010 - How The Earth Works An introduction to the forces affecting our planet’s surface and interior features. Topics include the origins of volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain belts along with the ways they impact people’s lives. Topics also include the roles of landslides and streams in shaping the Earth’s surface, and the formation of earth materials and mineral resources. Intended for both science and nonscience majors seeking a nontechnical overview of the Earth’s always changing and sometimes dramatic geology. Requisites: No credit if taken after GEOL 2830 Credit Hours: 4 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences, TAG course: OSC011 Physical Geology, TAG course: OSC025 Physical Geology with Lab College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to apply scientific methods of inquiry appropriate to the geological sciences to gather and analyze data and to draw evidence¿based conclusions. Students will be able to explain basic terminology, concepts and methods of modern geological sciences including: plate tectonics and its role as the unifying theory of geology; earthquakes and volcanoes; earth materials; geologic dating principles; the b Students will be able to explain basic terminology, concepts and methods of modern geological sciences including the basic agents and processes that impact the earth’s surface including rivers, glaciers, wind, and oceans. Students will be able to explain basic terminology, concepts and methods of modern geological sciences including how geologic resources form, how they are used, and the differences between renewable and nonrenewable resources. Students will be able to evaluate evidence-based scientific arguments in a logical fashion and distinguish between scientific and non¿scientific evidence and explanations. Students will be able to communicate how scientific findings contribute to the modern world including how humans act as geologic agents and evaluate the impacts we make on the environment.
	GEOL 1200 - The Mobile Earth An examination of the earth’s dynamic systems including continental drift, sea floor spreading, mountain building, volcanic activity, and earthquakes, and their explanation in terms of plate tectonic theory. Intended for both science and nonscience majors seeking a nontechnical overview of plate-tectonics. Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Become familiar with the concept of paleomagnetism, its use in developing the hypothesis of sea-floor spreading and the evidence that substantiated this hypothesis. Become familiar with the process of terrane accretion (as exemplified by the North American Cordillera) as a prelude to continental collision. Know that mid-ocean ridges represent the surface manifestation of divergent plate boundaries and understand the processes occurring at these sites (as exemplified by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the east Pacific Rise and Iceland). Know the geologic time scale and understand the concept of geologic time and the history behind our efforts to determine age of the Earth. Learn the concept of continental drift, the evidence upon which it was based, and the reasons for its rejection by the contemporary scientific community. Recognize the role of supercontinents, such as Pangea, in influencing the geologic, climatic and biological evolution of the earth. Understand convergent plate boundaries (as exemplified by the Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia and the Mediterranean), the volcanoes associated with these boundaries, and there impact on society. Understand the concept of hot spots on the earth’s surface (as exemplified by Hawaii and Yellowstone), their probable origin and their role in the break-up of continental land masses. Understand the process of continental break-up through the development rift systems (as exemplified by the East African Rift Valley) and their opening to form oceans. Understand the process of subduction and the recognition of its link of sea-floor spreading in formulating the theory of plate tectonics. Understand the processes associated with continental collision (as exemplified by the Appalachians, Alps and Himalayas). Understand transform faults such as the San Andreas, their role as conservative plate boundaries, the earthquakes they produce, and our effort to predict earthquakes and mitigate their effects.
	GEOL 1300 - Geology of the National Parks Survey of the geologic features of the national parks of the United States, emphasizing the history of their geologic development. Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Learn about the location and geology of specific national parks and monuments. Learn basic geologic concepts, such as plate tectonics, rock names, ordering of strata, volcano types, geologic time, landscape development for deserts and glaciers, drainage patterns, and the evolution of continents. Learn how to collect scientific data from disparate sources, including books, videos, and the internet, and integrate this information into a knowledge base. Learn to use a knowledge base to analyze and understand the geology of national parks and monuments.
	GEOL 1350 - Natural Disasters Critical analysis of threats associated with living on a dynamic planet focusing on the origins and physical natures of hazardous geological events. Taught using integrative case studies of actual disasters and intended to convey how we can minimize our vulnerability to disasters by applying lessons learned from past earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, and tsunamis. Intended for science and non-science majors seeking a basic understanding of geology and how it affects people and societies. Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2AS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to explain basic terminology, concepts and methods of geology as applied to natural disasters and their effects on societies. Students will be able to outline how scientific principles are formulated, tested and either modified or validated. Students will be able to apply scientific methods of inquiry appropriate to geology to gather and analyze data and draw evidence-based conclusions about risks and mitigation strategies tied to natural disasters. Students will be able to evaluate evidence-based scientific arguments in a logical fashion and distinguish between scientific and non-scientific evidence and explanations of the causes of natural disasters and climate change. Students will be able describe how scientific data are reproducible while also having intrinsic variation and possible limitations. Students will be able to communicate how scientific findings contribute to the modern world and to preparing for natural disasters.
	GEOL 1400 - Dinosaurs and the Mesozoic This course is an introduction to the systematics, anatomy, physiology, ecology, evolution, and extinction of dinosaurs and other Mesozoic life, as well as a review of the science of paleontology and basic Earth history during the Mesozoic including climate, geography, tectonics, mass extinctions, and other major geologic events. The course begins with an introduction to the sciences of paleontology and geology including an overview of the theories of plate tectonics and evolution, geologic time, relative and absolute age dating, and the fossil record. The history of the science of paleontology is explored as well as the different methods and techniques employed by modern paleontologists to ask and answer scientific questions about ancient life including dinosaurs. Additional topics focus on the physical, biological, and chemical conditions of the Mesozoic world and a general introduction to dinosaurs including their classification, anatomy, physiology, and behavior. The three major groups of dinosaurs, the Ornithischia, Sauropoda, and Theropoda, are discussed in detail in addition to other major components of Mesozoic ecosystems including marine reptiles, pterosaurs, mammals, insects, and plants. The course concludes with an overview of the evolution of terrestrial and marine ecosystems during the Mesozoic and the causes and effects of the end Cretaceous mass extinction. Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to explain basic terminology, concepts and methods of modern paleontology and geology. Students will be able to apply scientific methods of inquiry used in paleontology and geology to gather and analyze data and draw evidence-based conclusions related to geologic time, plate tectonics, sedimentary environments, and evolution. Students will be able to evaluate evidence-based scientific arguments related to plate tectonics, mass extinction, and evolution in a logical fashion and distinguish between scientific and non-scientific evidence and explanations. Students will be able to communicate how scientific findings in paleontology contribute to the modern world and knowledge of the natural world.
	GEOL 1700 - Metal, Stone, Energy, and Society Survey of a broad array of Earth resources with the goal of examining the impact of those resources on society. The influence of plate-tectonic processes and Earth’s evolution on resource distribution are considered. The manner in which technological changes in mineral processing are changing recycling rates and are fostering closer connections between industries, the environment, and society will be explored. Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2AS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Be conversant with the elements that form the essential fertilizer minerals (phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium). Understand how different the processes are for obtaining each of these vital resources, and why each fertilizer mineral is scarce and Be conversant with the origin and occurrence of the various elements that go into the making of steel (e.g. manganese, silicon, magnesium, cobalt, etc.) Comprehend how each of the key precious metals is formed (gold, silver, platinum group), and understand why these materials are so scarce relative to other metals such as iron and aluminum. For each of the major metals discussed (e.g. iron, copper, aluminum), know the degree of recyclability of each in the modern world. Understand also how the energy and other requirements of processing have had to be adapted according to economic and Know how aluminum and titanium ores form, and understand why the energy inputs required for processing these metals is huge. Know how copper deposits form, and understand the steps through which copper is separated from its ore. Understand how changes in energy and processing have affected copper availability in recent centuries. Know how deposits of iron ore form, and understand the processes by which that ore is refined into iron and steel, including where the energy source for that process comes from and how it has changed through the past two centuries. Know how evaporate minerals form, and understand why salt and gypsum, and potash are so important. Know where our water resources come from, and understand the current and impending pressures on supplies of clean and fresh water to the global population Understand how glass is produced as well as how and why the energy and flux requirements for its manufacture have changed dramatically in the past 200 years. Understand the differences between the concepts of reserve, reserve base, and resource as it reflects the actual availability of ore and energy deposits for human use. Understand the genesis and importance of the industrial materials used in constructions such as sand and gravel, concrete, and building stone. Understand the genesis of base metal ores such as tin, lead, and zinc. Understand the origin of gemstones such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and opal.
	GEOL 2020 - Introductory Geology Lab Laboratory covering mineral and rock identification, topographic and geologic map reading, and geologic time for students planning to major or minor in the geological sciences. Requisites: (GEOL 1200 or 1300 or 1350 or 1400 or 1700 or 2080 or 2110 or 2150 or 2210 or 2310 or 2710) and WARNING: No credit for this course if taken after the following: GEOL 1010 or 2830 Credit Hours: 1 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to identify a set of common rock-forming minerals. Be able to identify the basic common types of igneous rocks. Be able to identify the basic common types of metamorphic rocks. Be able to identify the basic common types of sedimentary rocks. Know the concepts of strike and dip, and be able to integrate those concepts with outcrop patterns on geologic maps so as to understand the style of bedrock geology in a given area. Recognize land forms from a variety of landscapes and be able to deduce the process through which those landforms were generated (e.g. running water, wind, glaciers, etc.) Understand and be able to apply the fundamental concept of contour lines on topographic maps. Understand how, at an introductory level, the surface expression of outcrop patterns, strike, and dip on geologic maps reflect the geological processes beneath the land surface.
	GEOL 2080 - Geology of the Solar System Students can experience the thrill of geologic exploration of solid planets and moons in the solar system through the study of samples and knowledge obtained by manned and robotic spacecraft missions. Focuses on changing perceptions and advancement of knowledge with each new mission and discovery. Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Develop an understanding and appreciation for the important scientific questions that are the focus of ongoing research and future spacecraft missions. Gain a better understanding of the planets, moons, and other objects in our solar system in addition to their distribution and dynamical relationships Learn about and understand important geologic processes that have led to the development and evolution of celestial objects in our solar system.
	GEOL 2090 - Gems, Jewels, and Crystals An exploration of the Earth’s most valuable minerals, gems and jewels, with close study of how, where, and why they form. Topics also include how earth scientists discover, extract, and process the crystals on their way to their ultimate destination, the jewelry store. The course culminates in a close look at the geological and contextual origins of the world’s most famous and valuable crystals. Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to describe the geologic setting in which gems form, including their relationships to plate tectonics. Students will be able to explain how gems and crystals form in the Earth. Students will be able to identify the most common gems and jewels when given the crystal’s physical properties. Students will be able to list and explain the critical factors that determine whether a gem-bearing rock bed is economical to mine. Students will be able to list and explain the steps involved in finding and extracting gems and jewels. Upon completion of this course, students be able to identify and define the characteristics that make gems valuable.
	GEOL 2110 - Introductory Oceanography Survey of physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects of oceanography. Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Be conversant with a general overview of marine life, including the more common plankton, fishes, mammals, and birds as well as how certain types of manage buoyancy, salinity, and food. Be conversant with common coastal land forms and how they form. Be familiar with the more common ocean resources, as well as aspects of managing such resources in light of scarcity, abundance, and environmental degradation as it applies to resources. Have an essential understanding of how waves, tides, cyclonic storms (hurricanes), and tsunamis function. Know the basic properties of sea water, including salinity, temperature, pressure, pH, nutrients, and the dissolved contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in ocean water. Know the basics of latitude and longitude, and be able to relate it to the history of ocean exploration and modern scientific discoveries. Know what some of the more pressing environmental problems. Understand the nature of the ocean floor and how ocean basins form and evolve in the context of the plate tectonic model. Understand the basic principles that govern ocean circulation in surface ocean waters, including the Coriolis Effect, Ekman Transport, circulatory gyres, upwelling, and downwelling. Understand the basics of nutrient availability and how it governs where ocean life is most and least productive. Understand the essentials of thermohaline circulation and the essentials of deep-water formation. Understand the ocean¿s role in the development of El Nino and La Nina events.
	GEOL 2150 - Environmental Geology Survey of geological aspects of environmental crisis. Focus on major environmental processes, immediate and extended influence of humans, and prospects for future of physical environment. Presupposes no background in sciences. Requisites: WARNING: No credit for both this course and the following (always deduct credit for the first course taken): GEOL 2830 Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2AS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Are introduced to volcano monitoring technology and the current state of eruption prediction. Be able to describe the different types of landslides and how to recognize their potential in the field. Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and their formation are introduced in the context of their role in hillslope failure. Be able to describe the primary types of both organic and inorganic pollutants found in water resources, their causes from human activities and/or natural processes and technological means for remediation or containment. Be able to distinguish between confined and unconfined aquifers and be able to describe how groundwater flows through them. Become aware of the scientific limitations on earthquake prediction and the relatively easy reduction of damage from earthquakes through seismic hazard zoning, building codes and public education. Become familiar with the geologic history of climate change and the corresponding impacts on ecosystems and will apply that to the current debate over human-induced global warming. Evaluate technologies for preventing landslides as well as simpler means of avoiding landslide damage via mapping and zoning at the societal scale and wise home-buying at the individual level. Examine the costs and benefits, to both humans and to ecosystems, of both technological approaches (e.g., dams and levees) and land-use planning approaches (floodplain mapping and zoning) to avoiding flood damages. Have an understanding of fundamental river processes and the interaction between a river and its floodplain. Students will learn to calculate flood recurrence intervals from flood histories. Know the basic fundamentals of earth science as applied to the interaction between human activity and the natural environment. Learn the long-term cost-effectiveness of preventing environmental damage rather than repairing it. Understand fossil fuel, nuclear, hydroelectric, geothermal and renewable energy production today and the environmental impacts of the extraction and transport of energy fuels as well as of their waste by-products. Understand the role of wells in depleting groundwater resources and, in some cases, causing subsidence of the ground surface. Understand the future of energy sources with respect to supplies/reserves and the demands of society. They will understand the fundamentals of the greenhouse effect and its strength in future scenarios. Understand the occurrence and availability of both surface and subsurface water resources and the role of the hydrologic cycle in replenishing them. Understand the relative dangers of different types of volcanoes and their occurrence in the plate tectonic context. Students learn the volcanic and intrusive rocks formed by igneous processes as well as the minerals that constitute them. Understand the role of plate tectonics in causing earthquakes and how this understanding can aid the assessment of seismic hazard.
	GEOL 2170 - Water Resources and Sustainability Sustainability of water resources is complicated because groundwater and surface water are connected, and the use of water resources should be in a manner that can be maintained for an indefinite time without causing unacceptable environmental, economic, or social consequences. The course emphasizes the importance of water resources and its sustainable development in the 21st Century. Students will learn fundamental concepts and theories related to the occurrence, movement, storage, quality, and sustainability of water resources. They will also be exposed to real-world issues of water resources sustainability, e.g., water risks, contamination, remediation, health, economics and disputes;the water-energy nexus water security; and efforts to improve sustainability of water resources. Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2AS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Student will be able to combine information to construct and defend their own strategies for improving the sustainability of water resources in local and regional scales. Students will be able to analyze dynamics of groundwater-surface water interactions and evaluate their impacts on the sustainability of water resources. Students will be able to analyze vulnerability of water projects and its impacts on the sustainability of water resources. Students will be able to classify aquifer types and describe occurrence, recharge, and discharge, and differentiate flows of groundwater in porous and fractured geologic media. Students will be able to define sustainability of water resources. Students will be able to describe basic concepts of fate and transport of contaminants in groundwater resources. Students will be able to describe causes and consequences of water shortage in the 21th century and suggest/criticize solutions of their own and others. Students will be able to describe water trading and water privatization and evaluate their impacts on the sustainability of water resources. Students will be able to discuss and evaluate regulatory and remedial schemes of contaminants in surface and groundwater water resources. Students will be able to evaluate risks and management schemes of surface water resources. Students will be able to explain dynamics and interactions of the major components of the hydrologic cycle.
	GEOL 2210 - Earth and Life History A nontechnical survey exploring the 4.5 billion-year history of the interaction between life and the environment. Topics include the origin of the Earth, the origin and development of life, the origin and evolution of the continents, the history of the atmosphere and ocean, catastrophic extinctions, and the impact of human evolution. Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to apply scientific methods of inquiry appropriate to geological and biological sciences to gather and analyze data and to draw evidence¿based conclusions. Students will be able to explain basic terminology, concepts and methods of modern science related to the history of the Earth including: the origin and evolution of continents and oceans, major changes in plate arrangement through geologic time Students will be able to explainthe scientific basis for evolution via natural selection, the origin and evolution of life, the key inhabitants during specific intervals of Earth history, the primary factors that control atmospheric composition and global Students will be able to explain how human activity influences the climate system. Students will be able to evaluate evidence-based scientific arguments and test hypotheses related to this history of Earth and life and distinguish between scientific and non¿scientific evidence and explanations. Students will be able to communicate how scientific findings related to Earth history contribute to the modern world including climatic and biotic changes.
	GEOL 2310 - Water and Pollution The interrelationship between geologic and hydrologic principles and technology as they relate to the use of water resources and the environmental problems associated with its pollution. Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Pillar: Natural Sciences General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2AS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: OTM course: TMNS Natural Sciences College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Know how pesticides contaminate the environment and their effect on living organisms. Know the different physical properties of waters and their role in groundwater movement. Know the different types of population growth and the different stages in population growth. Know the effect of excess nitrogen and phosphorous in aquatic systems. Know the effects of contamination of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in living organisms. Know the effects of petroleum spills on living organisms. Know the impact of burning of fossil fuels in the nitrogen, sulfur, and mercury cycles, as well as in the distribution of heavy metals in the environment. Know the main sources of pollution for surface and groundwaters. Understand how ecosystems work, the food web and the Eltonian Pyramid. Understand how the chemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and mercury work and the impact of man in those cycles. Understand how the hydrologic cycle works and its different parts. Understand the factors that determine the concentration of oxygen in water and the role of bacteria and organic matter in this parameter. Understand the origin of groundwater and how contaminants move in groundwater. Understand the origin of petroleum and the fate of petroleum contaminants in waters. Understand the process of eutrophication and its impact on fish and other aquatic organisms. Understand the purpose of the different wastewater treatment methods and how they work. Understand the role of bacteria as decomposers and their role in biochemical oxygen demand. Understand the role of thermal pollution in aquatic systems and its effects on living organisms.
	GEOL 2550 - Historical Geology An introduction to the geologic history of the Earth, emphasizing the tectonic, stratigraphic, and climatic record of North America. Requisites: GEOL 1010 or 2020 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: TAG course: OSC026 Historical Geology with Lab College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Be generally familiar with the paleogeographic positions of past major landmasses and know when supercontinents have existed. Develop laboratory skills in which they master basic aspects of stratigraphic correlation and fossil recognition as well as interpretation of some stable isotope curves. Have a rudimentary understanding of how the Earth System functions, and how interactions among the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and land have changed through time. Have an understanding of Earth’s history and the geological laws and other concepts used to construct that history. Know the geologic time scale and understand the stratigraphic, paleontologic, and radiometric age dating concepts that were employed in its development and continue to be used in refining the time scale. Know when the major (Big Five) extinctions occurred, and be familiar with the leading proposed causes for those events. Know when the major episodes of mountain building have occurred in North America and, to a limited extent, other parts of the globe. Know when the major ice ages have occurred on Earth and what the leading ideas are for instigating and ending those Icehouse climates. Understand when and how Earth’s atmosphere became oxygenated and how oxygen levels have fluctuated.
	GEOL 2710 - Extreme Ancient Climates Examination of Icehouse, Greenhouse, and Hothouse climates in Earth history from an Earth System Science perspective. Requisites: GEOG 1100 or 2020 or GEOL 1010 or 2110 or 2150 Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 2NS Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be conversant with the leading theories for forcing a Greenhouse climate to shift to a Hothouse climate, and understand the consequences of that change for life on Earth. Be conversant with the leading theories for forcing a Greenhouse climate to shift to an Icehouse climate, and understand the consequences of that change for life on Earth. Be familiar with examples of rapid climate shifts such as Dansgaard/Oeschger events, Heinrich events, and other millennial scale changes in climate. Grasp the evidence for and proposed origin of the intense global refrigeration episode known as Snowball Earth. Know how and why significant shifts in land plant coverage of the land surface such as the origin of land plants, rise of the trees, and rise of the grasslands can influence global climate. Recognize when this is thought to have happened in the geologic. Know how and why the building of major mountain ranges can influence global climate. Recognize when this has happened in the geologic past. Know the leading ideas for why glaciers advance and retreat in an Icehouse climate. Understand the consequences to ocean circulation of switching among Icehouse, Greenhouse, and Hothouse planetary states. Understand the fundamental workings of Icehouse, Greenhouse, and Hothouse planetary climate states, and when those states have occurred in the geologic past. Understand the importance of Large Igneous Provinces to genesis of intense warming. Know when this can be an effective climate forcing mechanism, and understand the conditions that can offset this influence on climate. Understand the nature and timing of stepwise cooling through the past 50 million years of the Cenozoic Era from an early Cenozoic Greenhouse climate to the present Icehouse climate. Understand the nature and timing of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Understand the timing and potential triggers of Proterozoic Icehouse climates in terms of the manner in which they interrupted much warmer climates of the Proterozoic Eon. Understand the ¿Canfield Ocean¿ of the Mesoproterozoic, and entertain theories as to its origin and demise.
	GEOL 2830 - Geology for Engineers Geologic principles applied to engineering projects and materials. Requisites: WARNING: No credit for this course if taken after the following: GEOL 1010 and WARNING: No credit for both this course and the following (always deduct credit for the first course taken): GEOL 2150 Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to explain the relationship between geological conditions and civil engineering outcomes. Students will be able to analyze and interpret basic geological maps and reports. Students will be able to identify common rocks and minerals. Students will be able to explain how fundamental geological processes operate within the context of plate tectonics. Students will be able to explain how rocks and soils behave under stress as functions of their chemistries and physical environments. Students will be able to describe how common geological phenomena can diminish or contribute to the structural integrity of an engineered structure.
	GEOL 2900 - Special Topics in Geological Sciences Specific course content will vary with offering. Credit Hours: 1 - 15 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated. Lecture/Lab Hours: 1.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,CR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will increase their knowledge in Geological Sciences.
	GEOL 2970T - Geological Sciences Tutorial Honors Tutorial College tutorial about the foundational concepts and applications of the Geological Sciences. Requisites: HTC Credit Hours: 1 - 15 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 15.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Conclusion of guided, but independent learning, concerning topics of interest and relevance to the student.
	GEOL 2971T - Geological Sciences Tutorial Honors Tutorial College tutorial about the foundational concepts and applications of the Geological Sciences. Credit Hours: 1 - 15 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 15.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Conclusion of guided, but independent learning, concerning topics of interest and relevance to the student.
	GEOL 2980T - Geological Sciences Tutorial Honors Tutorial College tutorial about the foundational concepts and applications of the Geological Sciences. Requisites: GEOL 2971T and HTC Credit Hours: 1 - 15 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 15.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Conclusion of guided, but independent learning, concerning topics of interest and relevance to the student.
	GEOL 2981T - Geological Sciences Tutorial Honors Tutorial College tutorial about the foundational concepts and applications of the Geological Sciences. Requisites: GEOL 2980T and HTC Credit Hours: 1 - 15 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 15.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Conclusion of guided, but independent learning, concerning topics of interest and relevance to the student.
	GEOL 3050 - Statistical Methods in Geology Statistics applied to geologic data including an introduction to probability, parametric statistics, comparison of populations, analysis of variance, non-parametric statistics, bivariate and multivariate statistics, identification of peak and background populations, directional data and circular statistics, analysis of transient data, and geographically distributed data. Use of statistical software, spreadsheets, and tools for geologic data analysis. Labs will use data sets from different areas of geology including hydrology, sedimentology, geophysics, structural geology, and paleontology. Requisites: GEOL 1010 or 2020 and GEOL major and WARNING: not ISE 3040 or ISE 3200 or QBA 2010 Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to apply different non-parametric tests to geological data and find the statistical significance of correlations between two small data sets. Be able to apply statistical frequency distribution functions to the solution of geological problems and data sets. Be able to identify statistically the background and anomalous populations in a geological data set. Find the parameters of the normal distribution (e.g. mode, mean, standard deviation, variance) for geological data sets. Know how to analyze directional data sets and find the mean direction, circular dispersion, and its statistical significance. Know how to compare statistically various populations applying different statistical tests. Know how to find the best equation that describe the relationship between two data sets and its statistical significance. Know how to get multiple regression equations and their statistical meaning when several variables are involved. Know how to identify transient trends and cycles in geological data sets. Know how to identify uniformity, randomness, clustering, regularity, and anisotropy in geographically distributed data sets. Know how to obtain the best trend surface (linear, quadratic or cubic) and the residuals or anomalies in geographically distributed data, and their statistical significance. Understand how to apply Markov Chains to statigraphic data and identify cyclicity in the data. Understand the difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics.
	GEOL 3092J - Geowriting Focuses on the skills needed to communicate research results in the geological sciences. Topics include abstract writing, proposal writing, speech presentation, poster construction, research to writing tips, and clear precise writing for papers and theses. Final assessment includes the completion of a research paper, an oral presentation on this paper, and a poster presentation on this research. Requisites: GEOL 3150 and Jr standing and Warning: No credit if taken after ENG 3090J or ENG 309J Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Foundations: Advanced Writing General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 1J Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: To recognize and become familiar with conventions in writing used by geologists (every science field is different). To provide students with practice in manipulating and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data to compare patterns and organize disparate pieces of information into a coherent whole. This exercise focuses their thinking and writing. To learn how to conduct specialized research and present this research through speech and poster format as well as text. Speaking and illustrative presentation helps to assemble and organize subject matter in preparation for writing. To use writing and reading skills to communicate well in the field of geology.
	GEOL 3120 - Earth Materials and Resources An introduction to minerals and rocks, emphasizing common varieties and those important as mineral resources. Requisites: (CHEM 1210 or 1510) and (GEOL 1010 or 2020) and WARNING: No credit for this course if the following is taken (keeps credit for the following course, as defined by department): GEOL 3150 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to identify samples of the common rock-forming minerals. Be familiar with the common ore-forming minerals and the geologic settings in which they form. Know the essential chemical and textural characteristics of the common rock-forming minerals. Know the igneous rock classification well enough to be able to identify the common igneous rock types. Know the metamorphic rock classification well enough to be able to identify the common metamorphic rock types. Know the sedimentary rock classification well enough to be able to identify the common sedimentary rock types. Understand the geological controls on the genesis of the common rock-forming minerals. Understand the processes by which igneous rocks form and the settings in which they occur. Understand the processes by which metamorphic rocks form and the settings in which they occur. Understand the processes by which sedimentary rocks form and the settings in which they occur.
	GEOL 3150 - Mineralogy Crystallography, crystal chemistry, and mineralogy. Emphasizes mineral identification and formation and association of minerals in different geologic environments. Requisites: (CHEM 1220 or 1520) and (GEOL 1010 or 2020) and WARNING: No credit for GEOL 3120 if this course is taken Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Course Transferability: TAG course: OSC013 Mineralogy College Credit Plus: Level 1 Learning Outcomes: Classify, characterize, and identify major rock-forming minerals in hand specimen and thin section. Understand the importance of minerals to society and the various subfields of geology. Use identified minerals to infer conditions of associated geologic environments.
	GEOL 3201 - Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology In second year geology, you are starting to build a breadth of knowledge in the geological sciences. More importantly, you are starting to learn the material which will make you a practicing geoscientist. All subjects are related and interconnected; you must now build on the knowledge learn in previous courses. An introduction to the basic concepts of rock-forming processes in igneous and metamorphic environments. This includes concepts related to identification, classification and origin of volcanic rocks, igneous intrusions, and metamorphic rocks associated with plate collisions, burial and intrusions. More importantly, you will gain an overview and understanding of the fundamental geologic processes that form these rocks. While what we (mostly) see at the Earth’s surface is sedimentary units; the mantle and major portions of the Earth’s crust have been formed and modified by igneous and metamorphic activity. Therefore, an understanding of these activities is essential as a starting point for understanding the Earth. Also, the processes that formed these rocks are exciting and fun to study! Requisites: GEOL 3150 Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to examine igneous/metamorphic rocks and using the techniques above, be capable of interpreting parameters of their respective geologic environments of formation. Be able to plot and interpret geochemical and mineralogical data on petrologic diagrams. Recognize major igneous and metamorphic minerals and textures in hand specimen and thin section. Understand geochemical and phase diagrams related to igneous and metamorphic rocks. Understand geologic processes that lead to the formation and development of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
	GEOL 3300 - Principles of Geomorphology Basic concepts of origin and development of landforms. Lab study of topographic maps and aerial photographs. Requisites: GEOL 1010 or 2020 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to explain how earth surface processes affect lithospheric deformation rates and styles. Be able to interpret the geological controls on landforms shown on aerial and satellite images, 3-D visualizations, and topographic maps. Know how existing and ancient climates are imprinted on landscapes around us. Know the major driving and resisting forces associated with earth surface processes, including the influences of major geological variables. Understand that individual landforms arise from the interplay of driving and resisting forces. Understand the mechanics of erosion and deposition by rivers, hillslopes, and glaciers.
	GEOL 3400 - Principles of Paleontology Introduction to paleontology emphasizing paleontologic theory and the study of the morphology and biologic relationships of key groups preserved in the fossil record. Requisites: GEOL 2550 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to identify the key morphological features and classify the key fossil taxa including their taxonomic placement and geologic stratigraphic ranges. Be familiar with the basics of phylogenetic systematics. Collect a series of fossils in the field, prepare and identify the specimens, and write a scientific report on their fossil collection. Develop an understanding of Earth’s biotic history through geologic time. Understand and be able to clearly articulate evolution by means of natural selection and punctuated equilibrium. Understand how paleontologists develop functional hypotheses based on fossilized material. Understand the major paleontological tools and techniques used to interpret Earth’s biotic history and evolution. Understand the processes and primary modes of fossilization.
	GEOL 3500 - Stratigraphy-Sedimentology This course provides an introduction to principles of stratigraphy and sedimentation. Topics include the interpretation of depositional environments and their relation to plate tectonic setting. Students will engage in scientific writing to deepen their understanding of how professional writing in Geological Sciences is undertaken, strengthen their abilities to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize primary literature sources in sedimentary geology journals. Writing and editing drafts will strengthen student skills in construction of compelling and logical arguments as well as critical assessment of the written work of other scientists. Requisites: GEOL 2550 Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 1JE Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to describe the factors that control subsurface alteration and cementation of sedimentary rocks. Students will be able to explain of the principles governing the development of facies models for modern and ancient sedimentary environments. Students will be able to explain the factors controlling the precipitation carbonates and evaporites. Students will be able to explain the principles governing sediment transport and the interpretation of bedforms and structures formed during and after transport. Students will be able to produce a measured stratigraphic section, apply the principles of stratigraphic correlation, and interpret the section in terms of sedimentary processes and relative sea level change. Students will be able to describe the basics of the development and use of the stratigraphic code. Students will be able to describe the principles of sequence stratigraphy and its use in interpreting stratigraphy at different spatial and temporal scales. Students will be able to use the library system to identify and locate papers on a sedimentary geology topic. Students will be able to evaluate and synthesize primary literature in order to produce a research paper on a sedimentary geology topic. Students will be able to incorporate faculty critique on style and content to produce an improved research paper.
	GEOL 3600 - Structural Geology Principles of rock deformation and interpretation of folding and faulting and related topics. Field-oriented structural problems, structural maps, and use of stereographic projections. Requisites: GEOL 3500 Credit Hours: 4 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Understand the mechanics of faulting, and the link between shear stress and brittle failure, fault orientation and the principal stresses, and faulting and earthquakes. Understand the mechanics of folding, the link between fold mechanisms and geometry, and the processes of buckling, shear folding, fold interference, kink bands, and the controls on fold mechanism. Know how strain is measured using spherical objects, pebbles, fossils, folds and balanced cross sections. Know how to use minor structures to interpret flexural slip folds from structures associated with bedding plane slip, interpret shear folds from their axial planar cleavage, determining the sense of fault movement from structures associated with faul Know the classification folds and fold systems, the terminology used to describe them and the means by which they are measured and analyzed. Know the classification of faults and fractures, the rock-types associated with them, and the nomenclature of fault associations and major fault systems. Know the types of foliation and lineation, their origin, and their relationship to folding and fabric. Learn how to read geologic maps and solve simple map problems using strike lines and cross sections for areas showing dipping strata, unconformities, faults and folds. Learn how to use the stereographic projection to plot planar and linear data, determine angular relationships, solve rotational problems, and analyze complex structural data in areas involving folding and faulting. Understand elastic and viscous strain in rock behavior, the effects of temperature, time, pressure, pore fluids and strain rate on rock strength, and the mechanisms of rock deformation. Understand the concept of strain, stain types and their measurement, the strain ellipse and its graphical representation, pure and simple shear, and progressive deformation. Understand the concepts of stress and force, normal and shear stresses, the principal stress axes, hydrostatic and deviatoric stresses, and stress fields.
	GEOL 3700 - Groundwater Fundamentals and Practices Students learn fundamental concepts and theories related to occurrence, movement, storage, reaction, contamination, and remediation of surface and groundwater and their applications to real-world problems through case studies. Topics include water issues, hydrologic cycle, surface water-groundwater interaction, groundwater sustainability, streams and watersheds, types and properties of aquifers, groundwater flow and quality, basic well hydraulics, and contamination and remediation. Requisites: (GEOL 1010 or 2020) and (MATH 1300 or concurrent) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to explain the components of the hydrologic cycle. Students will be able to explain groundwater-surface water interaction and sustainability. Students will be able to characterize aquifer types. Students will be able to solve basic groundwater flow and reaction problems. Students will be able to describe methods for hydrogeologic investigations. Students will be able to calculate properties and sustainable yield of an aquifer. Students will be able to describe basic concepts of contamination and remediation. Students will be able to describe major water issues using hydrogeologic concepts and theories.
	GEOL 3910 - Internship Provides qualified students with the opportunity to receive credit for work experience directly related to the geological sciences. Supervised by geological sciences faculty and evaluated by an on-the-job supervisor. A report detailing the internship activities is required before credit is awarded. Requisites: Permission required Credit Hours: 1 - 15 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated. Lecture/Lab Hours: 10.0 internship Grades: Eligible Grades: F,CR,PR,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Participate in an internship program that provides professional experience toward a career path. This may be in a corporate office, a laboratory, a governmental agency or other appropriate setting. Write and submit a brief summary of activities conducted in the course of the internship.
	GEOL 3970T - Geological Sciences Tutorial Honors Tutorial College tutorial about the foundational concepts and applications of the Geological Sciences. Requisites: GEOL 2981T and HTC Credit Hours: 1 - 15 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 15.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Conclusion of guided, but independent learning, concerning topics of interest and relevance to the student.
	GEOL 3980T - Geological Sciences Tutorial Honors Tutorial College tutorial about the foundational concepts and applications of the Geological Sciences. Requisites: GEOL 3970T and HTC Credit Hours: 1 - 15 Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 15.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 tutorial Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Conclusion of guided, but independent learning, concerning topics of interest and relevance to the student.
	GEOL 4060 - Geodata analysis for Geological Sciences This course is designed to introduce the principles of surface and subsurface data 2D and 3D visualization, analysis, and management and the applications of geospatial techniques in addressing geological, environmental, or petroleum resource exploration problems. Topics include geospatial data organization and preparation, exploratory data analysis, geospatial data correlation and regression, spatial interpolation and modeling, reservoir volume calculation, and well production data analysis and performance evaluation. Requisites: GEOL 1010 or 2020 or 2830 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to summarize and manage geospatial data. Students will be able to produce surface and subsurface data visualizations and analyze data using ArcGIS Pro and Petrel. Students will be able to explain spatial autocorrelation and the role of autocorrelation in geospatial modeling. Students will be able to use core geostatistical components and functionality of ArcGIS Pro. Students will be able to analyze geospatial data distributions using geostatistical measures. Students will be able to describe the basics of geospatial modeling processes. Students will be able conduct well production forecasting in Petrel.
	GEOL 4080 - Planetary Geology Students examine current issues and questions regarding the geology of the solid inner planets, moons, and small bodies of our solar system. The laboratory component allows students to work with data from spacecraft missions and sample-based studies. Requisites: GEOL 3500 and Sr Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Capstone: Capstone or Culminating Experience General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to outline the geological evolution of the solar system and major planets in addition to several moons and small bodies. Compare and contrast solid bodies in the solar system with each other with respect to geology. Have an understanding of the fundamental geological processes (in addition to physical, chemical, and biological processes) at work on solid bodies in the solar system.
	GEOL 4090 - Geology of Mars Designed for students who want to discover aspects of the geologic, magmatic, surficial, and hydrologic evolution of the Red Planet. Students will read the latest research papers concerning Mars and discuss and debate their merits and relative contributions to the field of planetary geology. Requisites: GEOL 3120 or 3201 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Compare and contrast the geologic histories of Earth and Mars. Discuss the past/present major geologic processes that were/are involved in the geologic evolution of Mars. Explain the geologic and climactic evolution of Mars.
	GEOL 4160 - Geology, Mining, and Economics of Ore Deposits An introduction to the classification, distribution and characteristics of metallic and industrial ore deposits. The course emphasizes the geologic conditions and environments leading to the formation of various ores, and examines economics of ore deposits, mining methods, hazards, and remediation techniques. The tectonic settings of ore deposits are considered within the context of the plate tectonic paradigm, and we will discuss ore deposits with respect to geologic time and changes to the Earth system. Laboratory assignments focus on identifying common economic minerals, exploration practices, and ore characterization techniques. Requisites: GEOL 3120 or 3150 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Calculate grade of an ore. Construct an exploration plan, including budget, for a prospective mineral resource. Describe methods applied in mineral resource exploration, mining, and refinement techniques. Describe the classification and distribution of common metallic ore deposits. Describe the mineralogy, texture, and geochemistry of an unknown specimen and construct a depositional model. Describe the physiochemical controls (temperature, pressure, pH, etc.) on metal transport and deposition from solutions. Discuss the Source-Transport-Trap model for common metallic and industrial mineral deposits. Discuss the hazards, and remediation techniques associated with different ore deposits. Explain the relationship between metallic ores, plate tectonics, and geologic time. Explain the relationships between supply & demand, commodities, resources, and reserves. Identify common ore and industrial minerals in hand sample. List the composition and uses of common ore and industrial minerals. Model the partitioning of chemical elements between solutions and solids.
	GEOL 4170 - Isotope Geology Radiogenic and stable nuclides are a critical tool for dating materials, understanding planetary differentiation, and tracing provenance and process in all spheres of the earth. This course examines the theory and application of isotope geochemistry to a broad range of geologic topics. Radiometric isotope techniques (dating and geochemical tracing) are introduced through a discussion of atoms, isotopes, and radioactive decay systematics, followed by systematic discussion of a number of specific systems (e.g., uranium-lead). Applications of stable isotopes to investigating volcanism, and meteoric-hydrothermal systems are discussed. Concepts of mass-balance, mixing theory, and open and closed systems are introduced. Requisites: GEOL 3201 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be familiar with the theory behind radiometric dating. Know the evidence for how and when the solid Earth differentiated into chemically distinct core, mantle, and lithospheric components following planetary accretion. Know the origin of the vast number of nuclides that occur in nature and the mechanisms and rates of radioactive decay in various isotopic systems. Learn how isotope ratios are measured using modern mass spectrometry techniques Understand how cosmogenic radionuclides form and how they are used to date/trace geologic systems open to interactions with the atmosphere (groundwater, erosion, anthropologic activity). Understand how stable isotopes are used to identify subsolidus interactions between rocks and natural waters. Understand the factors that can modify different isotope ratios, the strengths and limitations if different isotope systems, and the applications of isotope geochemistry to studying the origin of rocks on Earth. Understand the origin and sources of magmas on Earth.
	GEOL 4180 - Solid Earth Geochemistry This course addresses the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the Earth using major element, trace element, and radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. Students learn how to generate, present and use geochemical data as tracers of geologic processes, with an emphasis on solid earth processes. Requisites: GEOL 3120 or 3201 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to describe the distribution of an element (and its isotopes) as it cycles through the Earth’s major reservoirs (core, mantle, crust). Students will be able to use geochemical data to interpret the formation and evolution of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Students will be able to read and critically evaluate articles in geochemical journals. Students will be able to access, organize and synthesize data from published geochemical databases (PetDB, NAVDAT, GEOROC, etc.). Students will be able to use common software programs to analyze, model, and present geochemical data to others. Students will be able to convey geochemical information in oral, graphical, and written formats. Students will be able to design an appropriate sampling and analytical strategy to address geochemical questions.
	GEOL 4260 - Principles of Geochemistry Overview of geochemical behavior of fluids that interact with rocks. Emphasis on solutions, equilibria, and thermodynamics in dilute solutions such as surface water, groundwater, and seawater. Magmatic waters also considered. Geochemical aspects of diagenesis, metamorphism, and radiometric dating also discussed. Requisites: GEOL 3201 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be conversant with the styles of sediment and rock alteration during burial of geological materials, from diagenesis to high-grade metamorphism. Comprehend the influences of a variables such as temperature and moisture as they pertain to chemical weathering of rocks and minerals. Grasp the concepts of dissolution and precipitation of various rocks and minerals. Know the basic thermodynamic principles of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibb’s Free Energy as they apply to geological materials. Understand the essentials of solutions and equilibria as they pertain to a variety of geological fluids such as groundwater, seawater, surface water, and magmatic waters. Understand the key principles in the geochemistry of radiometric age dating.
	GEOL 4270 - Water Geochemistry Geochemical origin of major ions in natural waters and the role of fluid-mineral interactions in the evolution of sediments, the ocean, and the atmosphere. Major geochemical cycles. Introduction to thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics, complexation, oxidation-reduction, and cation exchange. Case studies of important geochemical and environmental issues. Requisites: (CHEM 1220 or 1520) and (GEOL 1010 or 2020) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Know basic laboratory methods for the determination of cations and anions in waters. Know field techniques for water sampling and measurement of physical-chemical parameters. Know how to determine alkalinity and acidity in waters. Know how to use of computer programs such as PHREEQCI to determine chemical speciation and saturation state of water with respect to different minerals. Know how to use of computer programs such as PHREEQCI to simulate mixing of waters. Know the geochemical origin of major ions in natural waters and the role of fluid-mineral interactions in the composition of water in groundwater, sediments, the ocean, and the atmosphere. Know the role of carbon dioxide in the composition of natural waters and weathering reactions. Know which species of carbonate, silica, aluminum, and iron are predominant at different pHs. Understand and apply the concepts of thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics, complexation, oxidation-reduction, and cation exchange to problems in natural waters. Understand the role of mineral stability in the concentrations of carbonate species, silica, aluminum, iron in natural and contaminated waters. Understand the stability of minerals in a four dimensional space (P, T, pH, Eh).
	GEOL 4280 - Physical Geochemistry Basic principles of physical chemistry for hydrogeologic, environmental, and geologic applications. Topics include adsorption and desorption reactions, chemistry of sulfur and iron, introduction to stable isotopes, transport mechanisms of chemical species, and origin, formation, and migration of oil. Requisites: GEOL 4270 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to calculate maturation paths and index of maturity for organic matter. Be able to use speciation and reaction-path modeling programs (such as PHREEQCI) for calculating multicomponent chemical equilibria in aqueous system, mixing of waters, and reactions between water and minerals. Be able to use speciation and reaction-path modeling programs (such as PHREEQCI) to simulate one-dimensional advective transport and fluid flow. Be able to use speciation and reaction-path modeling programs (such as PHREEQCI) to simulate sorption and cation exchange reactions. Know how to apply thermodynamic, kinetic, and mass transport concepts to problems in groundwater and environmental geology. Know the more important sorption isotherms equations that explain sorption processes in environmental problems. Know the physical chemical bases for the maturation of organic matter and generation of hydrocarbon gases, oil and coal. Understand the role of redox processes in the generation of acid mine drainage to solve problems involving redox chemistry. Understand the role of sorption in solute transport by groundwater movement and will be able to solve problems involving sorption processes.
	GEOL 4290 - Contaminant Geochemistry Provides students with knowledge of the chemical principles and processes involved in the generation and movement of contaminants. It will give students an understanding of the sources, fate, and chemical behavior of some of the most important classes of chemical pollutants. Requisites: GEOL 4270 and Sr Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Capstone: Capstone or Culminating Experience General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Apply chemical equilibrium and kinetics concepts to the solution of problems involving gases, water, soil and sediments. Know how solid waste is disposed and the effects of landfills and incinerators in the environment. Know how sorption and cation exchange reactions affect the concentration of contaminants in soils and sediments. Know the chemical principles and processes involved in the generation and movement of contaminants. Know the more important metallic contaminants and their effect in the environment. Know the more important non-metallic contaminants and their effect in the environment. Understand how contaminants are transported in air and how gaseous contaminants accumulate indoors. Understand how contaminants are transported in surface and ground water and the biochemical processes affecting its fate. Understand the origin and effect of organic contaminants in the environment. Understand the origin and effect of radioactive contaminants in the environment. Understand the sources, fate and chemical behavior of some of the most important types of chemical pollutants.
	GEOL 4320 - Origin and Classification of Soils Consideration of concept of soil and factors of soil formation, introduction to soil morphology and systems of soil classification, discussion of major soil groups of world and soils of Ohio. Requisites: GEOL 3300 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to define and recognize all Group-level soils. Be familiar with the common field methods for soil description and classification. Know the basic physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in soils. Know the major types of organisms in soils and understand how organisms contribute to soil development and evolution. Understand soils from a geomorphic perspective, wherein soils are simultaneously active participants in landscape evolution and historical records of the system’s evolution.
	GEOL 4390 - Stream Geomorphology Study of stream processes and human interactions with rivers, including the qualitative and quantitative techniques used to study natural and disturbed streams. Emphasis is placed on processes, river mechanics, and fluvial hydrology. Requisites: GEOG 3150 or GEOL 3300 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to use common numerical and quantitative techniques for stream analysis. Students will be able to critically evaluate readings and produce written analyses. Students will be able to produce models of open channel flow in one-dimension. Students will be able to explain the major controls on channel geometries and morphologies. Students will be able to explain how stream ecology is linked to river morphologies and behaviors. Students will be able to calculate parameters of sediment entrainment, transport, and deposition. Students will be able to synthesize data to generate a simple watershed-scale hydrological model. Students will be able to explain linkages between human activities and stream properties.
	GEOL 4430 - Paleobiogeography Examines the coevolution of the Earth’s biota with tectonic, climatic, and other types of environmental change. Examines both theoretical and practical aspects of paleobiogeographic analysis including implications for paleogeographic reconstruction. Incorporation of macroevolutionary theory, phylogenetic theory, and other advanced paleontologic methods are critical components. Requisites: GEOL 3400 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Apply a variety of quantitative paleontological methods in case study driven homework assignments. Be able both lead and participate in analytical discussions of current scientific literature. Be able to elucidate the complex relationships between paleobiogeography, paleoecology, and macroevolution. Develop a detailed understanding of the relationship between geologic events and historical biogeographic patterns. Gain a quantitative appreciation of for the quality of the fossil record and how that quality impacts the validity of paleontological research. Have a clear understanding of historical, cladistic, phylogenetic, and similarity based paleobiogeographic methods. Undergraduates will select and research a paleobiogeographic topic of their choosing. A 10 page term paper and 20 minute class presentation will be presented based on this research. Understand the various mechanisms by which speciation occurs and be able to identify speciation styles in a clade where phylogenetic relationships are known. Utilize their understanding of theoretical paleontology to analyze case studies as presented in recent journal articles.
	GEOL 4440 - Ichnology The study of trace fossils, including tracks, trails, burrows, borings, and nests, in marine and continental environments throughout geologic time. Topics include ichnologic theory, ichnotaxonomy, applications to paleoecologic and taphonomic problems, application to sedimentologic and stratigraphic problems, and application to oil and natural gas exploration. Requisites: GEOL 3400 or 3500 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Gain an understanding of the paleontologic, sedimentologic, and stratigraphic significance and applications of ichnofossils. Know the fundamentals principles of ichnology. Learn how trace fossils alter the porosity and permeability of different rock type and the impact this has on subsurface fluid flow. Learn to recognize, identify, and interpret key trace fossils using hand samples and core. Learn to solve geologic problems using trace fossil data including correlation, paleoenvironmental interpretation, and identification of sequence boundaries. Propose and complete a research topic in ichnology not covered in class. Present the results of this research to the class in a 10 minute presentation and prepare a five-page report. Understand how environmental conditions control trace fossil morphology and assemblages. Understand how organism type and behavior controls trace fossil morphology.
	GEOL 4460 - Earth Systems Evolution Synthesis of the coupled histories of the Earth’s interior, surface, and life. Requisites: GEOL 3500 and (PHYS 2001 or 2051) Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 1JE Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Appreciate that changes in the Earth system take place on different time scales. For example, plate-tectonic-driven changes are often likely to be considerably slower than change instigated by reorganization of ocean circulation. Be able to write in a style that applies of multiple working hypotheses to complex and controversial aspects of causes and consequences to changes to the Earth system. Give proper credit to the authors of the contrasting studies. Be capable of writing clearly about positive and negative climate feedbacks as the Earth System responds to stimuli such as volcanic eruptions, major mountain-building episodes. Comprehend the manner in which changes in accumulation of sedimentary rock types such as black shale, salts, and nutrient-rich rocks record significant shifts in the nature of ancient ocean chemistry and its physical operational style. Demonstrate writing competency that shows a grasp of the fundamentals of how key aspects of the rock record can record past changes in Earth’s ancient oceans and atmosphere. Recognize the critical factors that have forced ancient climates on Earth toward cold and glaciated (icehouse) conditions versus warm to hot (greenhouse and hothouse) conditions. Use the exercise of revising, editing and proofreading to hone the skills for writing cogently about Earth system complexities. Be able distinguish and communicate where scientific knowledge is most and least certain. Writing from a core of properly cited sources of primary scientific literature, be able to synthesize the nature, causal factors, and significance of some documented major changes in the ancient Earth system.
	GEOL 4480 - Paleoecology Examination of concepts of the relationship of organisms with their environment that can be effectively studied within the fossil record. Topics include competition, predation, ecologic convergence, community paleoecology, and relationship to macroevolution. Will be divided between lectures and discussions of current paleoecologic literature. Requisites: GEOL 3400 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to employ a variety of quantitative paleoecological methods in case study driven homework assignments. Students will be able to analyze and critique current scientific literature. Students will be able to describe the complex relationships between paleoecology, macroevolution, and diversity. Students will be able to qualitatively describe the quality of the fossil record and how that quality impacts the validity of paleontological research. Students will be able to apply paleoecological principles and generate a data collection scheme in the field. Students will be able to produce written and oral presentations based on paleoecological research Students will be able to explain evolutionary ecology trends, including the three marine faunas and changes in predation pressure through the Phanerozoic. Students will be able to explain how paleoecology is used to determine functional morphology and paleoenvironmental preferences of extinct taxa. Students will be able to explain that environmental changes are the primary drivers of evolutionary changes. Students will be able to explain the primary ecological causes for the mass extinctions known as the Big Five. Students will be able to explain the utility of tools such as sequence stratigraphy and stable isotopic analysis for interpreting ancient environments. Students will be able to critique case studies presented in recent journal articles.
	GEOL 4510 - Diagenesis Critical view of diagenetic principles using numerous examples. Many topics are selected from recent journal articles. Students read, present, and discuss current literature, as well as writing a term paper. Requisites: GEOL 3500 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be conversant with the different types of cements (e.g. carbonate, silica, phosphate, clay, and iron) in sedimentary rocks. Comprehend the essential redox changes that take place from the surface downward into the sediment pile in modern settings. Apply that progression to interpretation of the ancient record. Comprehend the transformations that take place as calcite and/or aragonite sediment undergoes progressive stages of alteration to calcite and/or dolomite. Know how to recognize and interpret evidence for compaction and cementation in sediments as they lithify. Know the different styles of and controls on silica cementation. Understand the essential controls on the development and evolution of porosity and permeability in sedimentary rocks. Understand the process of phosphogenesis.
	GEOL 4520 - Sedimentary Systems and Processes Advanced discussion of sedimentary processes and major sedimentary environments in the recent and through geologic time. Topics include the techniques of interpreting sedimentary successions using facies and facies models, analysis of different continental and marine sedimentary environments and their fundamental processes, and applications to energy, environmental, and mineral industries. Requisites: GEOL 3500 Credit Hours: 3 General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 1JE Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to describe processes operating in a broad spectrum of siliciclastic and carbonate, marine and nonmarine sedimentary environments. Students will be able to describe the essential criteria for differentiating deposits of different sedimentary environments. Students will be able to apply knowledge of modern sedimentary processes and environments to interpret similar processes and environments in the geologic record. Students will be able to apply techniques of analyzing sedimentary systems to problems related to the energy, environmental, and mineral industry. Students will be able to identify and select relevant peer-reviewed literature on sedimentary systems. Students will be able to summarize information about different sedimentary environments from reference works. Students will be able to discuss essential aspects of specific depositional environments in written format.
	GEOL 4530 - Physical Limnology Physical parameters and processes in lake environments, including temperature, light, heat, oxygen, alkalinity, and dissolved ions. Labs include outdoor sampling and measurements. Requisites: (CHEM 1220 or 1520) and (GEOL 1010 or 2020) Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Learn about the seasonal changes of lakes and the recycling of ions and compounds from lake water to sediments and back. Learn field skills in collecting data on a nearby lake. Learn how to calculate lake parameters such as lake morphometric indices, light transmission, heat budget, alkalinity, carbon dioxide and oxygen budgets, and lake respiration. Learn how to construct maps and time diagrams of lake water cross-sections through the use of the program Surfer. Learn the basic techniques in the analysis of lake basins and their waters, including lake morphometry, physical and chemical measurements of a lake water column using a sonde, and laboratory reconstruction of lake stratification and seasonal turnover.
	GEOL 4540 - Carbonate Depositional Systems I Study of carbonate rocks in the modern and geologic record, including patterns and processes of sedimentation and diagenesis as well as depositional models. Requisites: GEOL 3500 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Be able to identify the depositional environment of carbonate rocks in hand sample. Gain an appreciation for changes in carbonate composition through time due to biotic evolution. Learn the controls on carbonate sedimentation including geochemical, tectonic, diagenetic, and climatic controls. Learn the diagnostic criteria for differentiating the most common carbonate depositional environments including eolian, lacustrine, subaerial, beach, tidal flat, bank margin, reef, open and restricted platform, slope, and basinal environments. Learn to classify carbonate rocks and to identify skeletal and non-skeletal constituents of carbonate rocks. Learn to use hypothesis testing to evaluate depositional environments for carbonate rocks. Understand the primary location and style of carbonate deposition in the modern world.
	GEOL 4541 - Carbonate Depositional Systems II Field study of modern and Pleistocene carbonate rocks and depositional environments of the Bahamas. Involves a week long field trip during spring break and a post-field project. Requisites: GEOL 4540 or concurrent Credit Hours: 1 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 40.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Apply knowledge gained in the classroom setting in GEOL 4540 to field setting. Apply sequence stratigraphic principles to determine geologic and climatic history preserved in the rock record. Create a field guide to the geology and carbonate sedimentology of the field sites visited to synthesize information learned in the field. Gain a detailed appreciation for carbonate deposition and the ability to use scientific observation to analyze and interpret ancient depositional environments. Learn to interpret depositional setting of Pleistocene and Holocene carbonate rocks based on skeletal and non-skeletal constituents. Learn to take detailed field data of observations. Observe modern and ancient karst processes due to both mixing zone and surface hydrologic conditions. Observe modern carbonate depositional systems and critically consider the sedimentary and diagenetic processes involved in the transition from sediment to carbonate rock.
	GEOL 4560 - Paleopedology The study of paleosols (fossil soils) throughout geologic time. Topics include an overview of soil formation and major soil processes, field and laboratory techniques in Paleopedology, the use of paleosols as paleoenvironmental indicators and stratigraphic markers, as well their application in paleogeographic, paleoecologic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions. Requisites: GEOL 3500 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Gain an understanding of the sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and paleontologic significance of paleosols through geologic time. Learn how to interpret ancient ecosystems and depositional environments using qualitative and quantitative data obtained from paleosols. Learn how to use paleosols as effective tools in the interpretation of paleolandscape evolution, basin analysis, as well as for paleogeographic, paleoecologic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions. Learn the morphological, mineralogical, geochemical, and micromorphological techniques for the description and interpretation of paleosols. Propose and complete a research topic not covered in class. Present the results of this research to the class in a 10 minute presentation and prepare a five-page report. Understand the fundamentals of soil science including soil formation, soil classification, and soil processes.
	GEOL 4570 - Petroleum Geology Designed for geology students at the senior undergraduate and graduate levels. It will provide students with an understanding of the basic concepts and processes that govern a) the generation, migration, and trapping of hydrocarbon resources, and b) the fundamentals of exploration for, and exploitation of, these resources. Requisites: GEOL 3600 or concurrent Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Have a general understanding of the factors that control the extraction of oil and natural gas. Have an basic understanding of how companies explore for oil and natural gas including the economics of the industry. Have an basic understanding of how oil and natural gas are formed, how it moves through the subsurface, and how it is trapped. Know the basics of the development the petroleum industry. Write a term paper based on a literature review of a specific oil and natural gas basin.
	GEOL 4580 - Fluvial Sedimentology Provides students with an understanding of how to interpret the depositional environment of sedimentary rocks deposited by rivers and the large and small-scale forces that control the formation and preservation of these deposits. Requisites: GEOL 3500 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will extend their knowledge of the physics of sediment transport. Students will have a detailed understanding of the major river types in both modern and ancient setting based on reading original literature. Students will have an opportunity to demonstrate their understanding of the terminology and principles during the field trips. Students will prepare a term paper on some aspect of fluvial sedimentology based on original literature
	GEOL 4610 - Regional Field Geology Students engage in field study of the geologic features of a particular region. Students make detailed observations of geologic features, solve geologic problems, and summarize their field data in professional reports. Region of study will vary between offerings. Requisites: GEOL 2550 and one or more of GEOL (3120 OR 3150 OR 3300 OR 3400 OR 3500 OR 3600 OR 3700) Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Bridge: Learning and Doing Repeat/Retake Information: May be repeated for a maximum of 9.0 hours. Lecture/Lab Hours: 40.0 laboratory, 1.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to connect relevant experiences of field geology with academic knowledge from lab and classroom settings to facilitate the collection and management of accurate geologic data. Students will be able to see and make connections across geologic disciplines, data types, and perspectives so that they can identify appropriate data required to solve a range of geologic problems. Students will be able to adapt and apply skills, abilities, theories, or methodologies gained in one field location to a new location. Students will be able to complete a field analysis using visual representations of data and interpretations, such as stratigraphic columns, facies diagrams, and geologic maps, in ways that enhance meaning. Students will be able to demonstrate a developing sense of self as a geologist and build on prior experience to respond to new and challenging contexts.
	GEOL 4640 - Regional Tectonics Global tectonics and structure of continental cratons and margins, mid-ocean ridges, island arcs, and major orogenic belts. Requisites: GEOL 3600 Credit Hours: 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 3.0 lecture Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Know the driving mechanisms of plate tectonics and the forces of plate motion. Understand Archean granulite-gneiss belts, greenstone belts and crustal evolution and the earliest life forms in the Archean. Understand Proterozoic mafic-ultramafic complexes, basins, mobile belts and anorgenic magmatism, and crustal evolution and climate in the Proterozoic. Understand crustal heat flow, sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges, and the age-depth relation of ocean basins. Understand hot spots, aseismic ridges, and the origin of mantle plumes. Understand island arcs and volcanism at convergent plate margins, trenches and back-arc basins, accretionary orogens and the processes of subduction, terrane accretion and continental collision. Understand plate tectonics and plate boundaries, the geometry of plate motion, and its link to earthquakes. Understand secular variations in earth history, and episodicity in plate tectonics, and the supercontinent cycle. Understand the assembly the and breakup of the supercontinent Pangea. Understand the geologic evolution of the Caledonian-Appalachian belt. Understand the geologic evolution of the North American Cordillera.
	GEOL 4650 - Geologic Methods Students apply a diverse suite of geologic methods incorporating both laboratory and field methods to collect and analyze data, develop and test explicit hypotheses, develop interpretations, and produce professional-quality reports. Requisites: GEOL (3120 OR 3201) AND GEOL (3300 OR 3400 OR 3500 or 3600 OR 3700) and SR Credit Hours: 3 OHIO BRICKS Capstone: Capstone or Culminating Experience General Education Code (students who entered prior to Fall 2021-22): 3 Repeat/Retake Information: May be retaken two times excluding withdrawals, but only last course taken counts. Lecture/Lab Hours: 2.0 lecture, 2.0 laboratory Grades: Eligible Grades: A-F,WP,WF,WN,FN,AU,I Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to connect relevant field geology experience with academic knowledge from lab and classroom settings to facilitate the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of geological data using fundamental and advanced techniques. Students will be able to see and make connections across geologic disciplines, data types, and perspectives so that they can collect and analyze data using the scientific method relevant to basic or applied geological problems. Students will be able to adapt and apply skills, abilities, theories, or methodologies gained in one field location to a new location. Students will be able to complete a geologic analysis using verbal and visual representations of data and interpretations such as stratigraphic columns, facies diagrams, and geologic maps in ways that enhance meaning. Students will be able to demonstrate a developing sense of self as a professional and ethical geologist and build on prior experience to respond to new and challenging contexts in individual and group projects. Students will be able to critically state, describe, and consider a geologic issue or problem. Students will be able to use information from sources including novel field observations and published data with enough interpretation/evaluation to develop a comprehensive analysis or synthesis in written reports and oral presentations. Students will be able to systematically and methodically analyze assumptions and carefully evaluate the relevance of contexts when presenting a geologic interpretation. Students will be able to state a specific hypothesis or geologic interpretation that is thoughtful, recognizes complexities, and acknowledges limitations. Students will be able to state conclusions and related outcomes (consequences and implications) of geological investigations logically and in a priority order.

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Course Descriptions

GEOG 4070 - Mesoscale Meteorology

GEOG 4080 - Dynamic Meteorology I

GEOG 4090 - Dynamic Meteorology II

GEOG 4110 - Advanced Physical Geography

GEOG 4130 - Arid Lands Physical Geography

GEOG 4170 - Landscape Ecology

GEOG 4280 - Community Geography

GEOG 4450 - Gender, Environment, and Development

GEOG 4470 - Natural Resource Conservation

GEOG 4480 - Migration and Development

GEOG 4520 - Environmental and Sustainability Planning

GEOG 4550 - History of Planning

GEOG 4560 - The Just and Sustainable City

GEOG 4660 - Principles of Remote Sensing

GEOG 4670 - Advanced Remote Sensing

GEOG 4710 - Quantitative Methods in Geography

GEOG 4711 - Qualitative Methods in Geography

GEOG 4712 - Field Methods in Geography

GEOG 4730 - Principles of GIS

GEOG 4740 - GIS Design and Application Development

GEOG 4750 - GIS and Landscape Analysis

GEOG 4760 - Advanced Spatial Analysis and GIS Applications

GEOG 4770 - Advanced Topics in GeoInformatics

GEOG 4799 - Foundations for Capstone Research in Geography

GEOG 4800 - Capstone Experience in Geography

GEOG 4900 - Special Topics in Geography

GEOG 4910 - Internship

GEOG 4930 - Independent Study

GEOG 4940 - Research Experience in Human Geography

GEOG 4941 - Research Experience in Physical Geography

GEOG 4942 - Research Experience in Environmental Geography

GEOG 4943 - Research Experience in Geographic Information Science

GEOG 4944 - Research Experience in Meteorology/Climatology

GEOG 4945 - Research Experience in Urban Planning

GEOG 4946 - Research Experience in Globalization and Development

GEOG 4970T - Geography Tutorial

GEOG 4980T - Geography Tutorial

GEOG 4990H - Honors in Geography

GEOL 1010 - How The Earth Works

GEOL 1200 - The Mobile Earth

GEOL 1300 - Geology of the National Parks

GEOL 1350 - Natural Disasters

GEOL 1400 - Dinosaurs and the Mesozoic

GEOL 1700 - Metal, Stone, Energy, and Society

GEOL 2020 - Introductory Geology Lab

GEOL 2080 - Geology of the Solar System

GEOL 2090 - Gems, Jewels, and Crystals

GEOL 2110 - Introductory Oceanography

GEOL 2150 - Environmental Geology

GEOL 2170 - Water Resources and Sustainability

GEOL 2210 - Earth and Life History

GEOL 2310 - Water and Pollution

GEOL 2550 - Historical Geology

GEOL 2710 - Extreme Ancient Climates

GEOL 2830 - Geology for Engineers

GEOL 2900 - Special Topics in Geological Sciences

GEOL 2970T - Geological Sciences Tutorial

GEOL 2971T - Geological Sciences Tutorial

GEOL 2980T - Geological Sciences Tutorial

GEOL 2981T - Geological Sciences Tutorial

GEOL 3050 - Statistical Methods in Geology

GEOL 3092J - Geowriting

GEOL 3120 - Earth Materials and Resources

GEOL 3150 - Mineralogy

GEOL 3201 - Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology

GEOL 3300 - Principles of Geomorphology

GEOL 3400 - Principles of Paleontology

GEOL 3500 - Stratigraphy-Sedimentology

GEOL 3600 - Structural Geology

GEOL 3700 - Groundwater Fundamentals and Practices

GEOL 3910 - Internship

GEOL 3970T - Geological Sciences Tutorial

GEOL 3980T - Geological Sciences Tutorial

GEOL 4060 - Geodata analysis for Geological Sciences

GEOL 4080 - Planetary Geology

GEOL 4090 - Geology of Mars

GEOL 4160 - Geology, Mining, and Economics of Ore Deposits

GEOL 4170 - Isotope Geology

GEOL 4180 - Solid Earth Geochemistry